m4

M4 is a macro processor which reads its input and converts certain strings (macro calls) into special output. It′s most often used to preprocess source code for a programming language. It processes the files on the command line in the order given. If no files are specified or if - is used in place of any files, input is read from the standard input. The processed output is written to the standard output.

More info 

Programming Languages starting with M.

More info 

Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson′s original paper about UNIX, reprinted from Communications of the ACM. Describes the programming interface to the UNIX version 7 operating system and the standard I/O library. Should be supplemented by Kernighan and Pike, "The UNIX Programming Environment′′, Prentice-Hall, 1984 and especially by the Programmer Reference Manual section 2 (system calls) and 3 (library routines).

More info 

Bison is a general-purpose parser generator that converts a grammar description for an LALR(1) context-free grammar into a C program to parse that grammar. Once you are proficient with Bison, you may use it to develop a wide range of language parsers, from those used in simple desk calculators to complex programming languages.

More info 

GNU m4 is an implementation of the traditional Unix macro processor. It is mostly SVR4 compatible, although it has some extensions (for example, handling more than 9 positional parameters to macros). GNU m4 also has built-in functions for including files, running shell commands, doing arithmetic, etc. GNU m4 is a macro processor, in the sense that it copies its input to the output, expanding macros as it goes.

More info